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TURKMENISTAN TRAVEL GUIDE

Turkmenistan is a country in Central Asia bordered by the Caspian Sea and largely covered by the Karakum Desert. It’s known for archaeological ruins including those at Nisa and Merv, major stops along the ancient trade route the Silk Road. Ashgabat, the capital, was rebuilt in Soviet-style in the mid-20th century and is filled with grand monuments honouring former president Saparmurat Niyazov.

Turkmenistan is a very unusual regime. The government is in firm control of nearly everything. Officially tourism is welcomed, but the requirement for expensive guided tours may discourage visitors. The presence of police and military personnel which will watch your every move and prohibit photographing of even mundane objects, make Turkmenistan the least friendly of the Stans.

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Capital: Ashgabat
Currency: Turkmen manat (TMT)
Area: 488,100 km²
Population: 5,851 million (2018)
Language: Turkmen 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, Kazakh 7%
Religion: Muslim 89%, Eastern Orthodox 9%, unknown 2%

Turkmenistan, a country rich in tradition and culture, celebrates a variety of festivals that reflect its diverse heritage and history.

One of the most significant festivals is Nowruz, celebrated on March 21st, marking the Persian New Year and the arrival of spring. This festival is a time for renewal and joy, where families gather to share traditional meals and participate in community festivities.
Another notable event is the Turkmen Horse Festival, held on the last Sunday of April, which honors the esteemed Ahal Teke horses, a symbol of national pride. This festival includes horse races and showcases the deep connection between the Turkmen people and their beloved horses.
Religious holidays also play a crucial role in Turkmenistan's cultural landscape. Khait, also known as Eid Al-Fitr, concludes the holy month of Ramadan with communal prayers and feasting. Similarly, Kurban Bairam, or Eid al-Adha, is celebrated with vibrant traditions such as fire jumping and swinging rituals, alongside the charitable act of sharing meat with the less fortunate.
Flag Day, observed on May 18th, merges with Constitution Day and features grand celebrations in Ashgabat, complete with traditional song and dance. Additionally, Memorial Day on January 12th is a solemn occasion honoring those who perished in the battle of Geok Depe, reflecting the nation's respect for its history and heroes.

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Climate Chart with avergae monthly temperatues and rainfall

BEST TIME TO VISIT TURKMENISTAN

Turkmenistan has a continental desert climate, which means that it has hot summers and cold winters. The seasons in Turkmenistan are:

Spring (March to May) - The weather starts to warm up in the spring, with temperatures ranging from 10 to 20 degrees Celsius. It can be a good time to visit if you want to see the country's deserts and mountains without the extreme heat of the summer.
Summer (June to August) - Summers in Turkmenistan can be very hot, with temperatures reaching up to 40 degrees Celsius. It's not the best time to visit if you're not comfortable with extreme heat.
Autumn (September to November) - Autumn is a good time to visit Turkmenistan as the weather is mild and the landscape is colorful.
Winter (December to February) - Winters in Turkmenistan can be cold, with temperatures dropping below freezing. The country can be quite dry during this time, and it's not the best time to visit if you're not comfortable with cold weather.

It's always good to check the weather forecast for the specific dates of your trip and plan accordingly.

The best time to visit Turkmenistan is generally from April to October, when the weather is warm and dry. The summer months can be quite hot, with temperatures reaching up to 40 degrees Celsius. Winter can be cold, with temperatures dropping below freezing, and it can also be quite dry. It's best to check the weather forecast for the specific dates of your trip and plan accordingly.

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Turkmenistan, a country often associated with its hot desert climate, surprisingly offers opportunities for snow sports enthusiasts.

There are several ski resorts in Turkmenistan, such as those in the regions of Mary, Balkanabat, Türkmenabat, Dashoguz, and near the capital, Ashgabat. These resorts provide a variety of slopes catering to different skill levels, from beginners to advanced skiers looking for challenging runs and freeriding experiences.

Additionally, winter sports are experiencing a surge in popularity within the country, with modern facilities enabling residents and visitors to enjoy ice-related activities.

The best time to enjoy outdoor activities in Turkmenistan is from March to May and again from September to November, when the temperatures are somewhat more moderate. The winter months can be extremely cold and in contrast, July and August are boiling hot, particularly in the desert regions.

Despite its location on the Caspian Sea, Turkmenistan is not a beach holiday destination! However, one of the most notable beaches in Turkmenistan is Awaza Beach, which has become a growing tourist attraction.

This area, known for its clear waters and undeveloped landscapes, provides a serene escape for visitors. It's an ideal spot for those looking to enjoy the natural coastal environment of Turkmenistan.

Surfing in Turkmenistan is quite unique due to its location by the Caspian Sea.

While the country is not known for its surfing culture, there are rare occasions when wind swells are significant enough to create surfable waves. These conditions are typically caused by stray sirocco storm systems.

However, such events are uncommon, and the surfing experience in Turkmenistan can be considered a rare adventure for the intrepid surfer looking for a truly off-the-beaten-path experience.

Kitesurfing is not widely recognized or established in Turkmenistan. Enthusiasts looking to catch the wind might find limited information and resources on kitesurfing here.

However, for those willing to explore and perhaps pave the way for this sport in Turkmenistan, the Caspian Sea's coast could provide potential spots for kitesurfing adventures. It's always recommended to connect with local adventure groups or forums for the most current information and guidance.

For more details on kite surfing in Turkmenistan expand this section!

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TURKMENISTAN TRAVEL COSTS

The cost of travel to Turkmenistan can vary depending on your travel style and the time of year you visit. However, in general, the country is not known for being a budget-friendly destination. Some estimated costs include:

Accommodation: Prices for budget hotels start at around $20 per night, while more luxury options can cost $100 or more per night.
Food: A meal at a local restaurant can cost around $5-10, while a more upscale meal can cost $20 or more.
Transportation: Public transportation within the country is relatively cheap, with bus and train fares costing around $1-2 per ride. Taxis are also relatively inexpensive, with short rides costing around $5-10.
Visas: Tourist visas are required for most visitors to Turkmenistan, and the cost can range from $40-160 depending on the type of visa and the length of stay.
Activities: Entrance fees to attractions and activities can vary, but a visit to the famous "Door to Hell" gas crater costs around $4-5, $10-15 for a guided tour of Ashgabat, the capital city.

It's important to note that prices for goods and services in Turkmenistan may be higher than in other countries due to the country's isolation and lack of competition. It's also important to note that the country's currency, the Turkmenistan manat, is not readily available outside the country, and the US dollar is widely accepted.

Also, it's good to have a budget plan in mind and to have enough cash on hand to cover your expenses while traveling to Turkmenistan.

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TRAVEL TIPS FOR TURKMENISTAN

Here are some travel tips for visiting Turkmenistan:

Get a visa before you go: Tourist visas are required for most visitors to Turkmenistan and can be difficult to obtain once you're in the country. Make sure to apply well in advance of your trip.
Bring cash: Turkmenistan's currency, the manat, is not widely available outside the country, and many places may only accept cash. Make sure to have enough US dollars on hand to cover your expenses.
Be aware of the dress code: Turkmenistan is a conservative country, and it's important to dress modestly, especially when visiting religious sites. Women should avoid shorts and revealing tops, and men should avoid wearing shorts.
Be respectful of local customs: Turkmenistan is a traditional society and it's important to be respectful of local customs and traditions. Avoid public displays of affection, and be mindful of how you behave in public.
Be prepared for the heat: Summers in Turkmenistan can be extremely hot, so make sure to bring plenty of sunscreen and stay hydrated.
Research before you go: Turkmenistan is a relatively closed country and information can be hard to come by. Research your destination and plan your itinerary in advance to make the most of your trip.
Be aware of the restrictions: Turkmenistan is a country with high level of censorship and control over the information and communication. Internet access is limited and carefully monitored, and social media and news websites are blocked.
Hire a guide: Hiring a guide can be a good idea in Turkmenistan, as they will be able to help you navigate the country's complex bureaucracy and navigate the language barriers.
Be prepared to pay bribes: Unfortunately, corruption is quite common in Turkmenistan, so be prepared to pay bribes to get things done.
Be prepared for the lack of tourism infrastructure: Turkmenistan is not a well-trodden tourist destination, and you should be prepared for a lack of tourism infrastructure in some areas.

REGIONS & HIGHLIGHTS OF TURKMENISTAN

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Turkmenistan is a large country located in Central Asia, and it is divided into five main regions. These regions are:

Ashgabat: This is the capital city of Turkmenistan and is known for its Soviet-era architecture, grandiose monuments, and impressive government buildings. Some of the highlights of Ashgabat include the white marble Presidential Palace, the Arch of Neutrality, and the National Museum of Turkmenistan.
The Karakum Desert: This is the largest desert in Turkmenistan and covers over 70% of the country. The desert is known for its vast expanses of sand dunes and the "Door to Hell" gas crater, which is a burning natural gas field. This is a popular destination for camel trekking, hot-air ballooning, and 4x4 tours.
The Caspian Sea Coast: The Caspian Sea is located in the west of Turkmenistan and it is a popular destination for beach vacations. The coast is also known for its fishing and bird watching opportunities.
The Kopet Dag Mountains: These mountains are located in the southeast of Turkmenistan and are known for their natural beauty and outdoor activities such as hiking and rock climbing. The region is also home to several ancient fortresses, including the medieval fortress of Nisa.
The Krasnovodsk and Cheleken Peninsulas: These peninsulas are located in the west of the country and are known for their natural beauty and wildlife. The region is home to several nature reserves, including the Krasnovodsk reserve and the Cheleken reserve. The peninsulas are also a popular destination for bird-watching.

WHAT TO SEE AND DO IN TURKMENISTAN

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Turkmenistan is a country with a rich culture and history, and there are many things to see and do when visiting. Here are some of the best things to see and do when visiting Turkmenistan:

Visit Ashgabat: The capital city of Ashgabat is known for its Soviet-era architecture, grandiose monuments, and impressive government buildings. Some of the highlights include the white marble Presidential Palace, the Arch of Neutrality, and the National Museum of Turkmenistan.
Explore the Karakum Desert: The Karakum Desert is the largest desert in Turkmenistan and covers over 70% of the country. It's a popular destination for camel trekking, hot-air ballooning, and 4x4 tours, and for visiting the famous "Door to Hell" gas crater, a burning natural gas field.
Visit the ancient city of Mary (Merv): This UNESCO World Heritage Site is one of the oldest and most important cities of the Silk Road. It is an archaeological site with many ruins of ancient cities, such as Erk Kala, Gyz Gala and Sultan Kala.
See the Ertugrul Gazi Mosque: This mosque is located in the city of Turkmenabat, in the eastern part of the country, and is known for its intricate tilework and beautiful architecture. It is one of the largest mosque in Central Asia.
Visit the Turkmenbashi Ruhy Mosque: This mosque is located in the city of Türkmenabat and is one of the largest mosques in Central Asia and it is known for its stunning architecture and intricate tilework.
Visit the Krasnovodsk and Cheleken Peninsulas: These peninsulas are located in the west of the country and are known for their natural beauty and wildlife. The region is home to several nature reserves, including the Krasnovodsk reserve and the Cheleken reserve. The peninsulas are also a popular destination for birdwatching.
See the ancient city of Nisa: The ancient city of Nisa is located in the Kopet Dag Mountains and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It was the capital of the Parthian Empire, and it is home to several ancient fortresses, including the medieval fortress of Nisa.
Visit the Turkmen Carpet Museum: This museum is located in Ashgabat and is dedicated to the traditional art of Turkmen carpet-making. It houses a large collection of traditional carpets from various regions of Turkmenistan.
Visit the Turkmen Horse Breeding Farm: Turkmenistan is known for its beautiful Akhal-Teke horses, and there are several horse breeding farms around the country where visitors can learn about the history and breeding of these horses and even take a horseback ride.

It's important to keep in mind that Turkmenistan is a relatively closed country, and some regions may be difficult to access for tourists, so it's always good to check the latest travel advice from your government and to plan your itinerary in advance.

SUGGESTED TRAVEL ITINERARY FOR TURKMENISTAN

If you're ready to explore this unique Central Asian nation, here's a concise itinerary to get you started on your journey.

Day 1-3: Ashgabat

Begin your adventure in the capital city, Ashgabat. Known for its impressive marble architecture and grand monuments, the city is a testament to Turkmenistan's rich history and modern aspirations. Don't miss the iconic Independence Monument and the National Museum, which houses artifacts spanning the country's history.

Day 4: Nisa

Just a short drive from Ashgabat, the ancient city of Nisa awaits. This UNESCO World Heritage site was once a major center of the Parthian Empire and offers a glimpse into the region's pre-Islamic history.

Day 5: Darvaza Gas Crater

No visit to Turkmenistan is complete without witnessing the mesmerizing flames of the Darvaza Gas Crater, also known as the 'Door to Hell'. This natural gas field collapsed into a cavern, which has been burning for decades, offering a surreal spectacle, especially at night.

Day 6: Konye-Urgench

Travel to the north to explore Konye-Urgench, another UNESCO site, rich with architectural ruins from the ancient Khorezm Empire, including mausoleums and minarets.

Day 7: Return to Ashgabat

Conclude your trip with a return to Ashgabat, perhaps exploring any sights you may have missed or indulging in some last-minute shopping for traditional Turkmen crafts.

This itinerary offers just a taste of what Turkmenistan has to offer. For those interested in a more detailed guide or looking to extend their stay, consider reaching out to a local travel agency to help navigate the visa process and provide a guided tour, ensuring a comprehensive and hassle-free experience.

WHAT TO EAT IN TURKMENISTAN

Turkmen cuisine is a blend of various cultures, including Central Asian, Russian, and Turkish. Here are some traditional dishes that you should try when visiting Turkmenistan:

Plov (pilaf): This is a traditional dish made of rice, meat, and vegetables. It is a popular dish in Central Asia and variations can be found in many countries in the region.
Shashlyk: This is a skewered meat dish, similar to shish kebab, and is popular throughout Central Asia. It can be made with beef, mutton, or chicken.
Dovga: This is a traditional yogurt soup that is often served as a breakfast dish. It is made with yogurt, rice, and various herbs and spices.
Manty: These are steamed dumplings filled with meat or vegetables. They can be served with a variety of sauces and are a popular dish in Central Asia.
Ash: This is a traditional soup that can be made with meat, vegetables, and grains. It is often served as a main course.
Turkmen bread (non): This is a traditional round bread that is often served with meals. It is usually made with flour, water, and yeast and can be either plain or filled with various ingredients.
Turkmen sweet: Turkmen cuisine is known for its sweet dishes, such as "shir-chai" which is a sweet tea made with milk and sugar, "pishme" which is a sweet pastry filled with nuts, and "gosh-e-shirin" which is a sweet pastry made with wheat flour, butter and sugar.

You will also find some international cuisine in Ashgabat, but the options are quite limited, and prices are often quite high. Keep in mind that alcohol consumption is not widely accepted in Turkmenistan, and there are few places where you can find it.

It's always good to try local food when traveling to a new place, but be aware of your food allergies and dietary restrictions before trying new dishes.

LGBTQ IN TURKMENISTAN

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WHERE TO STAY IN TURKMENISTAN

When visiting Turkmenistan for the first time, your choice of area or region will largely depend on your interests and what you hope to experience during your stay. Here are some options along with reasons and accommodation suggestions for each:

Where to stay in Ashgabat

Ashgabat is the capital city of Turkmenistan and is known for its unique architecture, grandiose monuments, and rich cultural heritage.

Budget: Ak Altyn Hotel - Situated in the heart of Ashgabat, this hotel offers affordable rates and comfortable rooms, making it a popular choice for budget travelers.
Mid-range: Grand Turkmen Hotel - Offering a convenient location and modern amenities, this hotel provides comfortable accommodations at a mid-range price point.
Luxury: Yyldyz Hotel - This luxurious hotel features elegant rooms, gourmet dining options, and stunning views of the city skyline, providing a lavish stay experience in Ashgabat.

Each of these areas in Turkmenistan offers its own unique attractions and accommodations to suit different preferences and budgets. Choose the one that aligns best with your interests for an enjoyable visit to Turkmenistan.

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